SQL - UPPER() Function

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The SQL UPPER() function is used to convert all the letters of a string into an upper-case letter.

It accepts a string value as a parameter and returns a new String by converting all the letters of the given String into Uppercase. If this String contains special characters or numeric values, the output will remain unchanged by this function.

Note − If any argument is passed as NULL to the UPPER() function, this function returns NULL.

Syntax

Following is the syntax of the SQL UPPER() function −

UPPER(str)

Parameters

• str − It is a string in which all characters needs to be converted into an upper-case letter.

Return value

This function returns a string that has all the characters in upper case.

Example

In the following example,we are using the SQL UPPER() function to convert the string ‘welcome to tutorials point’ all characters into an upper-case.

SELECT UPPER('welcome to tutorials point');

Output

Following is the output of the above query −

+-------------------------------------+
| UPPER('welcome to tutorials point') |
+-------------------------------------+
| WELCOME TO TUTORIALS POINT          |
+-------------------------------------+

Example

If any argument value is passed as NULL to the function, this function returns NULL.

In the following example, we are passing NULL as an argument to the UPPER() function. Since the argument value is NULL, it returns NULL.

SELECT UPPER(NULL);

Output

The above SQL query produces the following output −

+--------------------------+
| UPPER(NULL)              |
+--------------------------+
| NULL                     |
+--------------------------+

Example

You can pass a numeric or special character value to the UPPER() function.

In this program, we are passing a numeric and special characters ‘1233#@$’ as an argument to the UPPER() function.

SELECT UPPER('1233#@$');

Output

On executing the above query, it will produce the following output −

+------------------+
| UPPER('1233#@$') |
+------------------+
| 1233#@$          |
+------------------+

Example

If an argument is passed as NULL to the UPPER() function, this function returns NULL.

SELECT UPPER(NULL) AS UPPER_CASE_VALUE;

Output

The above statement produces the following output −

+------------------------------------+
| UPPER_CASE_VALUE                   |
+------------------------------------+
| NULL                               |
+------------------------------------+

Example

You can pass the table column as an argument to the UPPER() function to convert all the letters into Uppercase. Assume we have created a table with the name Customers using the CREATE statement as follows −

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(    
ID INT NOT NULL,    
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR (20),
LAST_NAME VARCHAR(20),
AGE INT NOT NULL,    
ADDRESS CHAR (25) ,    
SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2));

Now let's insert four records into the customers table using the INSERT statement as follows:−

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES (1, 'Ramesh','KUMAR', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ); 
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES (2, 'Khilan','Verma', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ); 
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES (3, 'kaushik','Gupta', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ); 
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES (4, 'Chaitali','Pal', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 );

The following SQL query converts all the content letters of the column LAST_NAME into the upper-case in the Customer table −

SELECT ID, FIRST_NAME, UPPER(LAST_NAME) AS UPPERCASE_LAST_NAME FROM CUSTOMERS;

Output

After executing the above statement, it produces the following output −

+----+------------+---------------------+
| ID | FIRST_NAME | UPPERCASE_LAST_NAME |
+----+------------+---------------------+
|  1 | Ramesh     | KUMAR               |
|  2 | Khilan     | VERMA               |
|  3 | kaushik    | GUPTA               |
|  4 | Chaitali   | PAL                 |
+----+------------+---------------------+