- Physics Notes for UPSC IAS Prelims (Part II)
- Physics - Home
- Physics - Introduction
- Physics - Branches
- Physics - Acoustics
- Physics - Biophysics
- Physics - Econophysics
- Physics - Geophysics
- Physics - Nanotechnology
- Physics - Neurophysics
- Physics - Psychophysics
- Physics - Astrophysics
- Physics - Measurement Units
- Major Instruments & Their Uses
- Inventions and Inventors in Physics
- Physics - Timeline in Physics
- Physics - Unsolved Problems
- Physics - Terminologies in Physics
- Major Theories and Laws in Physics
- Physics - Nobel Prize in Physics
- Physics - Awards Given in Physics
- Scientific Units Named After Inventors
- Physics - Top Institutes
Physics - Timeline
The following table illustrates the major events (along with probably time period) that occurred in physics −
| Event | Time Period |
|---|---|
| Babylonians collected information of planets and stars | 2000 BC to 1600 BC |
| Ancient Indians explained the evolution of universe and also explained about sun, moon, earth, and other planets | 1500 BC to 1000 BC |
| Greek philosopher Anaxagoras explained the physical universe | During 5th Century BC |
| Two Greek philosophers namely Leucippus and Democritus established the school of Atomism | During 5th Century BC |
| Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, described a geocentric universe | During 4th Century BC |
| The Greek philosopher Heraclides explained the motions of planets and stars | During 4th Century BC |
| Eratosthenes, the Greek mathematical geographer proposed the round shape of the Earth | During 3rd Century BC |
| Hipparchus was the first who measured the precession of the equinoxes | During 2nd Century BC |
| Based on Aristotelian ideas, the Roman-Egyptian mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy described a geocentric model | During 2nd Century AD |
| The Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata described the earth’s elliptical orbit around the sun and its axis (heliocentric view) | During 5th Century AD |
| Brahmagupta, the Indian mathematician and astronomer noticed the gravity of earth | During 7th Century AD |
| Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni, the Persian astronomer described the Earth's gravitation. | During 11th Century AD |
| Nicolaus Copernicus, the Polish astronomer and polymath explained the heliocentric principal scientifically | During 16th Century Ad |
| Johannes Kepler, the German mathematician and astronomer propounded Laws of Planetary Motion | During 17th Century AD |
| Galileo Galilei, the Italian mathematician and physicist invented an astronomical telescope | During 17th Century AD |
| Sir Isaac Newton, the English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist propounded Laws of Motions and Universal Law of Gravitation | During 17th Century AD |
| Emanuel Swedenborg first suggested parts of the nebular hypothesis | 1734 AD |
| Immanuel Kant publishing “Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens,” and explained nebular hypothesis | 1755 AD |
| Max Planck, the German physicist described the law of black body radiation and led the foundation of quantum physics | During 20th Century AD |
| Albert Einstein, the German physicist propounded the theory relativity | During the 20th Century AD |
| Max Planck introduced formula for Black Body radiation | 1900 AD |
| Kamerlingh Onnes experimented and noticed superconductivity | 1911 AD |
| Wolfgang Pauli, the Austrian theoretical physicist proposed an important quantum mechanical principle namely the ‘Pauli exclusion principle’ | 1925 AD |
| Georges Lemaître proposed Big Bang theory | 1927 AD |
| Edwin Hubble explained the expanding nature of universe (known as Hubble’s Law) | 1929 AD |
| Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission discovered | 1938 AD |
| Black Hole Entropy | 1972 AD |
| Richard Feynman proposes quantum computing | 1980 AD |
| Theory of cosmic inflation | 1981 AD |
| Top quark discovered | 1995 AD |
| Gravitational waves detected | 2015 AD |
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