Physics - Geophysics

Introduction

• Geo-physics is a specialized branch of Earth science that studies the physical properties and physical process of the Earth.

• Geophysicists use some quantitative methods and advance technology to analyze the Earth’s properties and process.

• Technology of geophysics is used to locate mineral resources, mitigate natural hazards, and protection of the environment.

• Geophysics has been carved out as an independent discipline from different subjects, such as, geology, physical geography, astronomy, meteorology, and physics.

Elements of Geophysics

• Major elements those are studied under the geophysics are −

  • Shape of the Earth

  • Gravitational force of the Earth

  • Magnetic Fields of the Earth

  • Internal structure of the Earth

  • Composition of the Earth

  • Movement of the Earth’s plate (plate tectonics)

  • Volcanic activity

  • Rock formation

  • Water cycle

  • Fluid dynamics, etc.

Problems that Geophysicists Address

• Following are the problem areas that geophysicists address −

  • Building highways and bridges

  • Mapping and exploration of mineral resources

  • Mapping and exploration of water

  • Mapping the earthquake and volcanic regions

  • Geological mapping

  

  • Archeology discovery

  • Construction of dam and its safety

  • Forensic discovery (finding the buried dead bodies)

Techniques and Technology of Geophysics

• Following are the major techniques and technology of geophysics −

  • Geo-magnetism

  • Electromagnetics

  • Polarization

  • Seismic technology

  • Ground penetrating radar (GPR), etc.

Benefits of Geophysics

• Following are the major benefits of geophysics −

  • Researching and studying archeological sites without destroying them

  • Designing environmental friendly urban architecture

  • Locating and judiciously exploiting natural resources

  • Helping in mitigation of natural hazards such as landslide, earthquake, etc