GK - Discovery and Invention

The following table enlists the major discoveries/inventions and their discoverers/inventors −

Discovery/Invention	Discoverer/Inventor	Time/Period	Image
Magnifying Glass	Roger Bacon (Great Britain)	13th Century
Printing Press	Johannes Gutenberg (German)	1440 (About)
Watch (Portable Clocks)	Peter Henlein (Germany)	1509 (About)
Optical Microscope (& also the Compound Microscope)	Zacharias Janssen (Dutch)	End of 16th Century
Telescope	Galileo (Italian) (however, in 1608, three inventors namely Hans Lippershey, Zacharias Janssen, & Jacob Metius invented that Galileo improved)	1609
Barometer	Evangelista Torricelli (Italian)	1643
Piano	Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (Italian)	In the very beginning of 18th Century
Steam Boat	Denis Papin (French)	1704
Steam Engine	Thomas Newcomen (British)	1712
Watt Steam Engine	James Watt (Scottish)	1776
Mercury Thermometer	Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit(Polish-German)	1714
Achromatic Lens	John Dollond (British)	1758
Submarine	David Bushnell (American)	1775
Bifocal Lens	Benjamin Franklin	1770s
Power Loom	Edmund Cartwright (British)	1784
Gas Turbine	John Barber (British)	1791
Electric Battery	Alessandro Volta (Italian)	1800
(Railway) Steam Locomotive	Richard Trevithick (British)	1804
Stethoscope	René Laennec	1819
Hygrometer (Crude hygrometer was invented by Leonardo da Vinci in 1480)	Johann Heinrich Lambert (French)	1755
Electric Motor	Michael Faraday (British)	1821
Typewriter	William Austin Burt (American)	1829
Sewing Machine	Barthélemy Thimonnier (French)	1829
Dynamo	Michael Faraday (British)	1831
Telegraph	Samuel Morse (American)	1832-33
Revolver (However, the first Flintlock Revolver patented by Elisha Collier in 1814)	Samuel Colt (American)	1835
Pedal Driven Bicycle	Kirkpatrick Macmillan (Scottish)	1839
Pneumatic Tire	Robert William Thomson (Scottish)	1845
Francis Turbine	James Bicheno Francis (British American) & Uriah A. Boyden (American)	1848
Refrigerator (In 1805, an American inventor Oliver Evans experimented a closed vapor-compression refrigeration cycle for the production of ice)	Alexander Twining & James Harrison (However, in 1859, Ferdinand Carré of France developed the first gas absorption refrigeration system)	1850
Elevator/Lift (for the building)	Elisha Otis (American)	1852
Machine Gun	Richard Jordan Gatling (American)	1861
Dynamite	Alfred Bernhard Nobel (Swedish)	1867
Air Brake	George Westinghouse (American)	1872
Telephone	Alexander Graham Bell (Scottish)	1875
Phonograph/ Gramophone		1877
Film/Movie Camera (However, movie camera was invented by Francis Ronalds in 1845)	Louis Le Thomas Alva Edison (American)Prince (French)	1888
Electric Lamp/Bulb (by using "a carbon filament”)	Thomas Alva Edison (American)	1879
The First Steam-powered Automobile	Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (French)	1768	N/A
The First Car Powered by an internal combustion Engine fueled by Hydrogen	François Isaac de Rivaz (French)	1807	N/A
The First Petrol or Gasoline-powered Automobile	Karl Benz German	1886
Inflatable Tire	John Boyd Dunlop (Scottish)	1887
X-Ray	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (German)	1895
Radio Telegraph	Guglielmo Marconi (Italian)	1890s
Nuclear Reactor (namely Chicago Pile-1)	Enrico Fermi (Italian)	1942
The first general-purpose Electronic Digital Computer	John Presper Eckert, Jr. & John William Mauchly (Americans)	1945
Transistor	William Shockley, John Bardeen & Walter Brattain (Americans)	1947
Fiber Optics	Narinder Singh Kapany (Indians)	1960
ARPANET, (the precursor to the Internet)	Leonard Kleinrock (American)	1969	N/A
Radio	Guglielmo Marconi (Italian)	N/A	N/A