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List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| -a, --all | do not ignore entries starting with . |
| -A, --almost-all | |
| do not list implied . and .. | |
| --author | |
| with -l, print the author of each file | |
| -b, --escape | |
| print octal escapes for nongraphic characters | |
| --block-size=SIZE | |
| use SIZE-byte blocks | |
| -B, --ignore-backups | |
| do not list implied entries ending with ~ | |
| -c | with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime |
| -C | list entries by columns |
| --color[=WHEN] | |
| control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be ‘never’, ‘always’, or ‘auto’ | |
| -d, --directory | |
| list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links | |
| -D, --dired | |
| generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode | |
| -f | do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst |
| -F, --classify | |
| append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries | |
| --file-type | |
| likewise, except do not append ‘*’ | |
| --format=WORD | |
| across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C | |
| --full-time | |
| like -l --time-style=full-iso | |
| -g | like -l, but do not list owner |
| -G, --no-group | |
| like -l, but do not list group | |
| -h, --human-readable | |
| with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) | |
| --si | likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 |
| -H, --dereference-command-line | |
| follow symbolic links listed on the command line | |
| --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir | |
| follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory | |
| --hide=PATTERN | |
| do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A) | |
| --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: | |
| none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) | |
| -i, --inode | |
| with -l, print the index number of each file | |
| -I, --ignore=PATTERN | |
| do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN | |
| -k | like --block-size=1K |
| -l | use a long listing format |
| -L, --dereference | |
| when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself | |
| -m | fill width with a comma separated list of entries |
| -n, --numeric-uid-gid | |
| like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs | |
| -N, --literal | |
| print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control characters specially) | |
| -o | like -l, but do not list group information |
| -p, --indicator-style=slash | |
| append / indicator to directories | |
| -q, --hide-control-chars | |
| print ? instead of non graphic characters | |
| --show-control-chars | |
| show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is ‘ls’ and output is a terminal) | |
| -Q, --quote-name | |
| enclose entry names in double quotes | |
| --quoting-style=WORD | |
| use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape | |
| -r, --reverse | |
| reverse order while sorting | |
| -R, --recursive | |
| list subdirectories recursively | |
| -s, --size | with -l, print size of each file, in blocks |
| -S | sort by file size |
| --sort=WORD | |
| extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v, status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u | |
| --time=WORD | |
| with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time | |
| --time-style=STYLE | |
| with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like ‘date’; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with ‘posix-’, STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale | |
| -t | sort by modification time |
| -T, --tabsize=COLS | |
| assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 | |
| -u | with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time |
| -U | do not sort; list entries in directory order. In combination with one_per_line format ‘-1’, it will show files immediately and it has no memory limitations. |
| -v | sort by version |
| -w, --width=COLS | |
| assume screen width instead of current value | |
| -x | list entries by lines instead of by columns |
| -X | sort alphabetically by entry extension |
| -1 | list one file per line |
| SELinux options: | |
| --lcontext | |
| Display security context. Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most displays. | |
| -Z, --context | |
| Display security context so it fits on most displays. Displays only mode, user, group, security context and file name. | |
| --scontext | |
| Display only security context and file name. | |
| --help | display this help and exit |
| --version | |
| output version information and exit | |
By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --color=always. With --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the colors, and can be set easily by the dircolors command.
Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.
| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| info ls |
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