- Biology Notes for UPSC IAS Prelims (Part II)
- Biology - Home
- Biology - Classification of Organisms
- Biology - Cell Division
- Biology - Virus
- Biology - Bacteria
- Biology - Fungi
- Biology - The Roots
- Biology - The Plant Stem
- Biology - The Plant Leaf
- Biology - The Flowers
- Biology - The Fruit
- Biology - Plant Diseases
- Biology - The Blood
- Biology - Blood Group
- Biology - Human Brain
- Biology - Skeleton System
- Biology - Endocrine System
- Biology - Endocrine Diseases
- Biology - Carbohydrate
- Biology - Proteins
- Biology - Fats
- Biology - Vitamins
- Biology - Minerals
- Biology - Genetic Terminology
- Organisms & their Chromosome Counts
- Biology - Viral Diseases
- Biology - Bacterial Diseases
- Branches of Biology
- Inventions & Discoveries in Biology
- Nobel Prize in Biology
Nobel Prize in Biology
Introduction
Gerty Cori
Cori, a Czech-American biochemist, was the first woman to be awarded the Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
She received the prize in 1947.
She was the third woman and first American woman who won a Nobel Prize in science.
She received the award for her work namely “the mechanism by which glycogen—a derivative of glucose—is broken down in muscle tissue into lactic acid and then resynthesized in the body and stored as a source of energy (known as the Cori cycle).”
The following table illustrates some of the eminent Nobel Prize winners −
| Name | Country/Year | Work |
|---|---|---|
| Emil Adolf von Behring | Germany (1901) | Serum therapy |
| Sir Ronald Ross | UK (1902) | Worked on malaria |
| Ivan Petrovich Pavlov | Russia (1904) | Physiology of digestion |
| Albrecht Kossel | Germany (1910) | Cell Chemistry |
| Allvar Gullstrand | Sweden (1911) | Dioptrics of the eye |
| Alexis Carrel | France (1912) | Vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs |
| Archibald Vivian Hill | UK (1922) | Production of heat in the muscle |
| Sir Frederick Grant Banting & John James Rickard Macleod | Canada & UK (1923) | Discovery of insulin |
| Karl Landsteiner | Austria (1930) | Discovery of human blood groups |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan | US (1933) | Role played by the chromosome in heredity |
| Carl Peter Henrik Dam | Denmark (1943) | Discovery of vitamin K |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | UK (1945) | Discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases |
| Sir Ernst Boris Chain | UK (1945) | |
| Howard Walter Florey | Austria (1945) | |
| Carl Ferdinand Cori | US (1947) | Discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen |
| Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz | ||
| Max Theiler | South Africa (1951) | Yellow fever |
| Selman Abraham Waksman | US (1952) | Discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis |
| Joshua Lederberg | US (1958) | Genetic recombination |
| Peyton Rous | US (1966) | Discovery of tumor-inducing viruses |
| Charles Brenton Huggins | US (1966) | Hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer |
| Har Gobind Khorana | India & US (1968) | Interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis |
| Marshall W. Nirenberg | US (1968) | |
| Robert W. Holley | US (1968) | |
| Albert Claude | Belgium (1974) | Structural and functional organization of the cell |
| Christian de Duve | ||
| George E. Palade | Romania (1974) | |
| Baruch S. Blumberg | US (1976) | Origin and dissemination of infectious diseases |
| D. Carleton Gajdusek | ||
| Michael S. Brown | US (1985) | Regulation of cholesterol metabolism |
| Joseph L. Goldstein | ||
| Sir Richard J. Roberts | UK (1993) | Discovery of split genes |
| Phillip A. Sharp | US (1993) | |
| Paul Lauterbur | US (2003) | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| Sir Peter Mansfield | UK (2003) | |
| Andrew Z. Fire | US (2006) | Discovery of RNA interference |
| Craig C. Mello | ||
| Harald zur Hausen | Germany (2008) | Human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer |
| Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | France (2008) | Discovery of human immunodeficiency virus |
| Luc Montagnier | ||
| Sir Robert G. Edwards | UK (2010) | Development of in vitro fertilization |
| Tu Youyou | China (2015) | Discovery of a novel therapy against Malaria |
| Yoshinori Ohsumi | Japan (2016) | Mechanisms for autophagy |
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